Me and You free essay sample

Speech Laboratory can be an excellent means to give young people practice in public speaking, listening, and note-taking, as well as a host of other skills. It maximized the students ability to communicate effectively. Through various trainings and activities, members of this club will improve in all aspects especially in social, intellectual, and emotional part. The Speech Lab is open for all interested students of Icily In all year levels.This facility will help our students to develop their communication skill through various exercises. It alms to develop young Individuals to become effective immunization that can compete from various schools and places that will totally deepen their sportsmanship and Marina values. PURPOSE The Speech Lab Aims to: 1 . Develop communication skill, 2. Deepen their talents and values through exercises/actively, 3. Promote camaraderie, and 4. Produce good and competitive communicators.Speech Communication Laboratory The newly established Speech Communication Lab in the school is taking this established expertise and supplementing it through the use of other modalities in the investigation of group behavior analysis, social interaction, engagement between beakers and prosodic and gestures accommodation. We will write a custom essay sample on Me and You or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The lab is a state-of-the-art environment, optimally designed for the multimode capture of conversational social interaction.Using High Definition video cameras, microphones, Microsoft Kinetic devices and biometric sensors, the various nuances and complexities of an interaction can be captured for subsequent analysis. ETC will contribute the expertise in the area of speech synthesis and social interaction, as well as providing an ideal environment within which to robustly test the tools developed for multimode input recognition, multimode fusion, fission and output.

The Business Proposal Global Hotel Tourism Essays

The Business Proposal Global Hotel Tourism Essays The Business Proposal Global Hotel Tourism Essay The Business Proposal Global Hotel Tourism Essay This concern undertaking recommends the building of a Swimming Pool for Global Hotel plc Lagos, Nigeria. This swimming pool when built will assist the company to non merely bring forth an one-year gross N3,480,000 but will assist the administration to retain its present clients and besides increase the Numberss of suites booked from 20 to about 30 suites per twenty-four hours. The addition in suites is expected to increase on a monthly footing over the following old ages Apart from the benefits of extra income, addition in client s backing and the rise in suites booked, the building of this swimming pool will besides assist to heighten the hotels evaluation from a 4- Star to a 5-Star hotel which could be used as a footing for increased criterions and monetary value to clients. The mark clients of this concern venture are both the present and the possible clients of the hotel. They are normally the middle-class people in and around Lagos State. The undertaking is estimated to be N2, 000,000 and will be constructed in two months. On the other manus, this undertaking could bring forth a net income of N1, 480,000 in one twelvemonth. Since the concern assessment method used by the company is the Payback Period ( PBP ) , it will take the company 1 twelvemonth to reimburse its initial investing capital. Alternate concern chance The concern proposal considers the building of assorted forms and sizes of the Swimming Pool and its associated cost and benefit. The forms are Square-shaped N2, 800,000, Egg-shaped ( N2, 000,000 ) , Circular-shaped ( N3, 000,000 ) and the Rectangular-shaped ( N1, 800,000 ) . After a proper consideration, The Egg-shaped pool is proposed because it is more stylish and will set the company in a competitory border over its challengers. This is because all its rivals have either the square or rectangular-shaped pool which is no longer stylish. 1.2. LITERATURE REVIEW Harmonizing to the World Tourism Organisation ( WTO ) , Tourism is one of the top five export classs for every bit many as 83 per cent of states and is the chief beginning of foreign exchange net incomes for at least 38 per cent of states. Tax grosss from touristry are both direct and indirect. Direct revenue enhancement grosss are generated from the incomes earned by concerns and workers. Indirect revenue enhancements are responsibilities levied on goods and services purchased by tourers. The World Travel and Tourism Council estimates that revenue enhancement parts related to tourism global were over $ 800 billion in 2007. Tourism is a monopolistically competitory industry. It has many comparatively little endeavors bring forthing somewhat differentiated merchandises and services. Barriers to entry and issue are comparatively low. Harmonizing to Prof. Ajaola ( 2008, P.6 ) , the hotel and touristry industry in Nigeria still remained comparatively untapped . This means that there is a immense market in this industry. The hotel industry provides enormous chance for comparatively little concerns to boom and is a taking generator of occupations. The hotel adjustment sector entirely provided around 18.3 million occupations world-wide in 2005, harmonizing to the United Nations Environmental Programme ( UNEP ) . In an progressively competitory industry it is indispensable to bring forth new and advanced thoughts to distinguish a merchandise from others of the same nature ( Taylor, 2009 ) . Hotels can remain or leap in front of their rivals, without needfully incurring great disbursal, but by taking originative advantage of every chance and if Global hotels most win it must be at the head of invention. The building of this swimming pool is necessitated by the demand by the company to remain in front of invention and to make value service and experience to their legion clients from all plants of life. 1.3. Market ANAYSIS Lagos is Nigeria s most thickly settled province with stopping point to 18 million people ( National Population Commission, Nigeria ( 2009, P.12 ) . As a major transit hub with an international and local airdrome, Lagos is unambiguously placed to profit from tourer reachings into Nigeria. The presence of sea ports and major international route gateways of course place Lagos at an advantage for being the first point of call for approximately 68 % reachings into Nigeria ( the functionary web site of the Lagos State Government, Nigeria ) . Although Lagos province is the smallest province in Nigeria, with an country of 356,861 hectares of which 75,755 hectares are wetlands, yet it has the highest population, which is over five per cent of the national estimation ( Tradeinvestnigeria, 2007: P.2 ) . A The province has a population of 17 million out of a national estimation of 150 million. The UN estimates that at its present growing rate, Lagos province will be 3rd largest mega metropolis in the universe by Y2015 after Tokyo in Japan and Bombay in India. A Of this population, Metropolitan Lagos, an country covering 37 % of the land country of Lagos State is place to over 85 % of the State population. ( Lagos State Population Commission ) A The rate of population growing is about 600,000 per annum with a population denseness of about 4,193 individuals per sq. kilometer. In the built-up countries of Metropolitan Lagos, the mean denseness is over 20,000 individuals per square kilometer. Current demographic tendency analysis revealed that the State population growing rate of 8 % has resulted in its capturing of 36.8 % of Nigeria s urban population. World Bank, 1996 ) estimation at 49.8 million people of the state s over 140 million population. The deduction is that whereas state population growing is 4/5 % and planetary 2 % , Lagos population is turning 10 times faster than New York and Los Angeles with sedate deduction for urban sustainability.A A The gross estimation from the hotel industry by the Lagos State Government rose from about 78m Naira in 2007 to 150m Naira in 2010 ( Adetola, 2010 ) . The population backed by the inflow of people from all over the universe to this great metropolis means that there is a immense market in this industry. Besides, with the cheery nature of the metropolis and the tourer Centre like National Art Theatre Iganmu, Lagos Central Mosque, Slave Port Badagry, Glover Memorial Hall, First Storey Building in Nigeria, Slave Jetty Badagry, Early Missionary Cemetary, Canon Gun, Instrument of Slave Abolition A ; War, Slave Market Badagry, Christ Cathedral CMS, Tafawa Balewa Square ( Alade, Places to see in Lagos, 2010, p.13 ) , the building of this Pool will be a feasible and profitable thought. 1.4. Undertaking BENEFIT This undertaking when approved and executed will convey the undermentioned benefits to the company. 1. This undertaking will assist to hike the company s image among its clients and rivals and will decidedly take to increased gross revenues and net income. 2. This undertaking will assist the company to use the room s capacity from 20rooms to 40rooms which is about a 100 per centum addition 3. It will bring forth income from both the swimming pool and besides from the backing that it will pull to the suites. 4. It will besides cut down the cost of operation of the hotel as the fixed cost will be spread across to the swimming pool. Fixed cost like the cost of running the works and others. 5. It will guarantee that staffs are to the full utilised because the swimming pool will cut down the sum of idle clip. This once more can be seen from the fact that the workers like the room cleaners, laundry staffs and hotel attenders frequently stay idle after go toing to a limited figure of clients. This venture will therefore guarantee that the hotels workers are to the full engaged. 2.1. Undertaking RESOURCES Undertaking cost The undertaking s cost is as follows COST ITEM COST ( N ) Construction cost- 1, 300,000 Maintenance- 210, 000 ( 17,500/month ) Wages 432, 000 ( 3 workers/144,000 per one-year ) Gross saless advert 30,000 ( 3 Calendar months ) Other cost 28,000 Entire 2,000,000 Depreciation- 12 % per one-year Undertaking gross Gross point Revenue ( N ) Swiming Pool 1,620,000 ( 135000/month ) @ 15 customers/day Drinks: Liquors 288,000 ( 300 bottle/month @ ( N ) 80 ) Mineral 72,000 ( 150 bottles/month @ ( N ) 40 ) Suites 1,500,000 ( 600 customers/month @ 5000 ) Entire Revenue 3,480,000 Estimated net income = N1, 480,000 Fiscal analysis Since the company uses the Payback Period in measuring its undertakings, below is an analysis of the viability of this undertaking. It is expected that gross will increase yearly by 50 % . Year Revenue ( N ( 1000000s ) Cost N ( 1000000s ) PBP 1 3,480 2,000 1 year 2 5,220 2,400 3 7,830 2,880 Beginning of finance and other resources Finance Harmonizing to Brigham ( 2005 ) , Finance is the lifeblood and nervus Centre of a concern, merely as circulation of blood is indispensable in the human organic structure for keeping life ; finance is a really indispensable to smooth running of the concern. It has been justly termed as cosmopolitan lubricator that keeps the endeavor moral force. No concern, whether large, medium or little can be started without an equal sum of finance. Although there are different beginnings of finance available to the company e.g. bank loan, net income, divestment, creditors etc, this undertaking will be financed with the companies retained net incomes and will assist cut down the load of holding to pay involvement if the company decides to finance the undertaking with bank loan of approximately 20 % one-year involvement or other beginnings that have strings attached to them. Forces A good figure of concerns fail non because of deficiency of fundss but because they fail to prosecute the right workers ( Walker, 1980 ) . The success or failure of any administration is mostly determined by the quality of its work force. The direct and indirect cost of bad enlisting is serious. A individual placed in an unsuitable work is an unsuitable work is either unable to make the needed criterion of public presentation or is working under psychological strain. The building of the pool will intend that three ( 3 ) extra staffs will be engaged by Global Hotels and because there are limited Numberss of staffs in the company to enroll from internally, the workers will be recruited externally. The vacancies will be posted on the company s web site and other occupation sites which are normally free and will give the same consequence as paid advert. After the advert has be made and the right applier has been chosen, the other facet will be to prosecute the workers but they can non be engaged if they are non adequately trained. Training demands will be identified and the hotel director will guarantee that the right preparation plan is designed for the new workers to be trained. Although there are different developing techniques like talks, coaching, instance survey method simulation etc, the company will utilize the initiation as a agency of developing the chosen workers because they do non necessitate a specialized preparation that will affect much of the company s resources. Construction Company The company that will be selected will be able to run into the company s specification and deadline because incorrect design and the extension of the deadline will non intend good to the company. 2.2. Selling Scheme A selling scheme is a program that is developed with the end to market a specific thought or merchandise to certain people Kotler, ( 1980 ) . You have to make a great selling scheme in order to be successful with your thought or merchandises. Harmonizing to Porter, ( 1998 ) , there are three generic schemes available to a company-focus, cost leading and a discriminator and because the hotel industry is a monopolist competitory industry and there is a low entry and issue barriers, the propose scheme to Global Hotels will be the merchandise distinction scheme. The ground is that to win a big sum of clients in such an industry, a company will necessitate to merchandise different but similar merchandises and services to derive a immense market. The ground for taking the elliptic swimming pool is to pull client who normally are really witting of new and modern merchandises. Since the best form of the merchandise has been identified and the discriminator in usage, the following measure will be to make consciousness to the clients of the company s advanced merchandise. Although there are different options available for the company to make its possible clients, the best pick will be to utilize the telecasting medium. The ground for this pick is because of the fact that the mark clients are concern and extremely placed persons in the society who loves listening to the intelligence. The paid advertizement will be done at 7am and autopsy for three months. 2.3. Undertaking ASSUMPTIONS It is assumed that the addition in the Lagos State Government s gross projection means that there will be increased activity in the touristry industry for the coming twelvemonth thereby taking to an addition in clients to the company. It is besides assumed that of the mean client of 20 per twenty-four hours, at least 10 will act upon their friends or co-worker to sponsor Global Hotels Ltd every month. 2.4. Undertaking DESCRIPTION This undertaking which is the building of a Swimming Pool will be carried out by either of these companies whose proposals will be considered and one eventually chosen. The Hotel director shall oversee on a day-to-day footing the advancement of the undertaking. The Pool will be manned by one Staff who must be really good at swimming and will be made to remain by the side of the pool to supervise clients and deliverance any client who wants to submerge. Two Pool Attendant staffs will be employed to function clients need at the pool. These Three staffs shall besides be responsible for the general care of the pool. 3.1. Undertaking IMPLIMENTATION Plan Below is a table demoing the undertaking execution program for the building of the swimming pool by Global Hotels. The event day of the months, the event itself every bit good as the event account will be used to explicate the different events. No. Events day of the month Event Event Explanation 1 03-04-10 Construction Proposals The undertaking proposals will be sent to a figure of building companies. The ground for this is to choose from the list of interested companies the company that will be able to transport out the building of the swimming pool in the most cost effectual manner and meets with Global Hotels undertaking specification. Besides, the proposals will be considered based on the company that will finish the undertaking in the specified clip frame which is in two moths 2 30-04-10 Company chosen At this phase, among the list of companies that has shown involvement will be evaluated based on their path record. Then chosen company will be notified and asked to get down work. 3 14-05-10 Initial Project start-up capital provided Immediately after the right company has been chosen, initial mobilization fund of 30 % will be paid to the building company. This is to enable the company start work directly off. 4 28-05-10 Beginning of building After the mobilisation finance has been provided to the company, the following event will be to let the company two hebdomads to mobilise and convey in the necessary equipment and stuffs needed to make the occupation. This would hold been done before this day of the month and the occupation is expected to get down on this day of the month. 5 28-05-10 Undertaking monitoring and control To guarantee that the undertaking meets with the specification and is under agenda, the hotel director will be instructed to transport out a day-to-day supervision/ appraisal of the undertaking s advancement and study to the undertaking applied scientist to do necessary amendments in instance of divergences. 6 28-06-10 Placement of enlisting advert Since the undertaking is expected to complete by 6, June there is demand to get down pulling the right quality of staffs that will be needed to adult male both the swimming pool and to function as service staffs ( servers ) . 7 30-07-10 Appraisal and Concluding payments made-project completion The following phase will be the concluding appraisal of the undertaking after its completion and payments to the building company. This payment will merely be made after the undertaking has been weigh up and fund to hold met the agreed specification and design. 8 02-08-10 Invitation and choice of workers At this phase the right pool of appliers will be invited for interview and the right campaigner selected for the occupation. And since this is a new country of concern to the company, experience custodies will merely be engaged particularly the pool attendant staff who must be a good swimmer and savior. The right campaigner will be notified instantly and asked to get down work the undermentioned hebdomad. 9 09-08-10 Beginning of operation Immediately after the undertaking is completed and the right staffs selected, the following logical thing to make will be to get down operation by the official gap of the swimming pool to the public-customers. 10 09-08-10 Advert arrangement To guarantee that possible clients are cognizant of the company s new merchandise and to pull would-customers advert will instantly fellow and will be done utilizing the television-news hours as the right medium to make the mark market. 11 09-09-10 Undertaking rating The first month after the completion of the undertaking is a good clip to get down measuring the success of the venture. The undertaking will be evaluated to cognize if it has lead to an addition in room demand, client s sentiment on the new merchandise, and the entire profitableness of the undertaking utilizing the expected income as a footing for measuring the undertaking s success. 3.2. Undertaking Monitoring AND EVALUATION OF SUCCESS Although there are assorted techniques for monitoring and commanding a undertakings success, the earned value Analysis will be used to supervise the advancement of this venture from the beginning of the undertaking to the terminal. Besides the gross from the venture will be monitored to measure the undertaking s profitableness whether or non it meets with the company s forecasted net income. The Hotel Manager will besides supervise the cost of care of the pool every bit good the public presentation of the freshly employed workers to guarantee that the profitableness and standard aims are non compromised. Since an addition in cost of care and a lessening from gross will be unacceptable, the director will supervise the cost and guarantee that it does non travel beyond the estimated value. 4.1. Decision

Can freedom of speech guaranteed by 1st Amendment be lawfully and Essay

Can freedom of speech guaranteed by 1st Amendment be lawfully and soundly used to advocate abolishment of 1st Amendment - Essay Example Even advocating illegal acts is legal. Therefore, if we can use our freedom of speech to, for example, control someone with our lies, or to impose our personal convictions to others, there is no reason why we could not use that same freedom to advocate its own abolishment. Every single individual has the right to express their opinion. Although, sometimes not entirely. In some cases an individual may not be allowed to fully express his right of free speech because it may lead to criminal actions or have a bad effect on the society. This way of prevention is called censorship and it is a crucial symptom of collectivism. Furthermore, if everything gets under the control of the government (gets nationalized), it will mark the end of free speech. No matter how offensive its content is, freedom of speech is protected by the first Amendment and it is believed that academic freedom is a â€Å"bedrock of education in a free society†, furthermore, it cannot be denied, unless the speaker breaks the rules of the first Amendment that forbid the use of fighting words (which are not essential part of exposition of ideas and are likely to provoke a person to take revenge). Everyone has a right to express themselves freely, as long as they respect the few of restrictions of the first Amendment. Using that right, we can lawfully speak about almost anything. And, yes, we can use that right to speak against the first Amendment without doing anything that is illegal. But the fact that we have the legal right to speak against the first Amendment does not mean that anyone has to hear about it. â€Å"Free speech does not require anyone to listen.† But who would want to limit or completely abolish his rights? Theoretically, freedom of speech can be lawfully used to advocate abolishment of the first Amendment, but there are not many people who would agree that it would be a good thing to abolish it, and, without the support of the listeners, the one who advocates the

Organisational Behaviour Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Organisational Behaviour - Assignment Example Over the past ten years, the company has expanded and improved its systems and structures over the years. This paper examines the elements of the commercial activities of Spinneys Lebanon. It examines an overview of the company, its characteristics, organisational structure and internal system. The paper examines the organisational philosophy and other relevant organisational analysis to establish the main structures and systems of the company. The paper will conclude with recommendations on improvements that need to be made to the supermarket based on the organisational analysis. In attaining the stated aim of the research, the researcher will conduct an extensive enquiry into secondary sources about important concepts and structures of business theory. This will lead to the identification of a framework for the analysis of the important elements and structures in the company. The researcher will also identify important internal features that exist through the use of primary sources that describe the company's operations and structures. Spinney's Overview Organisations are set up to achieve a definite purpose. Thus, it comes with important systems and structures that enables the components to take inputs from the external environment and process them to output (Perrow, 1970). Hence the term organisation is used to signify the machinery or system for the attainment of a given mission by an entity. Spinneys is a Lebanese supermarket chain which is a subsidiary of Spinneys Global which operates in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region. It is involved in the retail industry. As such, their business model involves the acquisition of foods and other goods from producers and wholesalers and selling them to the Lebanese public. Figure 1: Spinneys' Business Model From the diagram above, Spinneys makes its money through a system of acquiring goods and foods from three main sources; producers, wholesalers and other specialized Spinneys' factories around the worl d. They keep these orders in warehouses and storage centres. Most of these warehouses and storage centres are either on the premises of Spinneys or nearby. Spinneys operates different supermarkets around Lebanon. Each supermarket store has major facilities that allow the display of the products to be done. The premises are often very nice and comfortable. They allow for easy and convenient shopping by members of the Lebanese public. This allows the consumers to come and purchase goods and some service products as and when they want during appropriate times of the day. When stocks are exhausted, Spinneys' supermarket managers order new stocks either from the warehouses or from producers directly. These orders are presented to the shops and displayed for further purchases. Thus, on a basic level, Spinneys' operation is based on sourcing for products, 'processing' them by displaying them in their shops and allowing consumers to come and purchase them. This represents the crude business model. Since stocks represent the most important element of a supermarket like Spinneys, there is the need to ensure that the company holds optimal stocks. This is because if they hold too much stocks, it will be tantamount to locking up their working capital which will lead to slack and no returns on capital. However, if they do not hold sufficient stocks, they are likely to have stock outs and idle time that can have an impact on consumer confidence. As such, there is the need

Acceptable Use Policy & Security Audit Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Acceptable Use Policy & Security Audit - Essay Example By ensuring there password to their different user name are well guarded from access. Also obtaining other vital information is illegal and greatly obstructed. This may results in termination of the network or service being used. It serves as a way protect to privacy to personal information. This ensures information is only accessed by the original and not pirated users. The scope is to facilitate smooth, easy, and effective and joyful use of the networks and systems, the policies and rules cover the entire user using the facility. This include both hardware’s and software, connection and licensed using the network, also these rule, plans and regulations applies to various individuals and companies connected to the system The policy of the system should only be altered by the owner or management team assigned. He is the one responsible of creating new interfaces, colour, size and designing of the network. The policy majorly, helps in protecting and guiding users from violating company obligation and rules (Laver 78). Also users feel their privacy is greatly and well protected. Al the users should adhere to companies rules and regulation. Failure to which, their service will be terminated and removed from the network. Abusive and harassing others is prohibited and might lead to suits in law courts. They should also report abusive languages and any general views on how to improve service delivery (Laver

Analysis Of The CMA CGM Company

Analysis Of The CMA CGM Company CMA CGM (2010a) is the worlds third largest container shipping company and is ranked number one in France who offers a complete range of activities including shipping, handling facilities in port as well as logistics on land. Its main objective is to offer customers all over the world a proactive, innovative service which reconciles quality and high performance with protection of the environment. The founder and CEO of CMA CGM Mr. Jacques R Saade is guiding the group from the begining to till date confidently and wish to develop and run in future of container shipping. CMA CGM has always integrated security, safety and environmental concerns in their development strategies and used the latest technology to minimize the pollution. Figure (Diagram) 1. Greenhouse gas emmission by transportation (River Shuttle Containers, 2010) The River shuttle containers (2010) of CMA CGM calculated the benefit of waterways carries for protecting the environment comparing with the land transportation. Enhance to reduce the pollution they introducesd the river shuttle container barge in French teritory and Europe. Figure (Diagram)2. History of CMA CGM developed by author ( CMA CGM, 2010b) CMA CGM is operating by its own brand shipping line CMA CGM and other subsidiaries for integrating the organisation and adding value for customization in container shipping market.CMA CGM worldwide subsidiaries for strengthening group activities in transportation area which are as follows:- Container Shipping Line Delmas. Expert in African region OTAL Africa Line. Maximum coverage in west Africa CNC Line-Specialist for Intra -Asia line ANL- Leader in Oceania Mac Andrews Dedicated in Intra European trade COMANOV. Specialist for Morocco US Lines. Specialist for transpacific and Australasia trade. Multimodal River Shuttle Containers LTI France Progeco CMA Rail Logistics Services 1) CMA CGM Logistics 2) TCX Multimodal Logistics International Tourism Compagnie du ponant Tapis rouge International Partir en cargo The Travellers club The CMA CGMs (CMA CGM, 2009) e-commerce services offer a full range of online business which are comparatively easy, safe and efficient to the customer and planned to eliminate the paper and making the flow of faster information around the clock. They are highly integrated in transport sector of the world by connecting the regional leader in transportation like ANL in Australia. World shipping council (2009) repoted that CMA CGM has become an international operator serving maritime shipping routes around the world with door-to-door services combining maritime shipping with rail, river and highway transport. They expanded their business by a growth strategy and sustained capital spending which is powered by the joint force of jiant shipping leaders from USA ( US Lines ) to Africa ( OTAL line of Africa). The Group has built its success on the strong values of quality, innovation, imagination and anticipation. The CMA CGM (Marinelog, 2009) group inaugurated the French Asia Line or FAL service ( Asia to Europe) in partnership with MAERSK line ( No 1 in container shipping) by their latest vessel CMA CGM CHRISTOPHE COLOMB, one of the worlds largest container ship having 13344 TEU capacity. This vessel is integrated by latest environmental technologies that actively contribute battle against global warming and CO2 emission. In ( The Journal of Commerce ,2010) this global economic downturn, CMA CGM affected and had $5 billion in debts following the worst downturn in container shipping history also a series of steep losses from hedging deals on oil prices. The company (The Financial Times, 2010) is unable to complete the payment for new ships also taking the delivery from shipyards where the Greek ship-owner brought the ordered ship. They are trying to manage the capital from outside of the country because Frances FSI strategic investment fund is normally to invest alongside other, conventional investors. The State-owned fund of Qatar is offereing $ 1 billion for recovering the losses and faces the unwanted situation of the CMA CGM group. Advance Shipping, Environment Minded is the motto of CMA CGM about environment protection in this climate change and frequent change of world weather condition. They are awarded about the environment and know-how its ability to innovate and prepared to protect the environment. They are committed to sustainable development and respect for nature relies on numerous environmental initiatives to minimize the impact of transporting activities and trying to develop alternative transportation modes. PESTLE ANALYSIS The simplest( Rugman and Collinson,2006 ) form of understanding the paticular competitive environment or investment contexts for firms at the national or international level is PEST analysis which examines the political,economical , socio-cultural and technological condotions of a organisation.In addition legal and environmental factors created the full form of PESTLE analysis by which it is easy to assess new investment environment as an input into global expansion and market entry strategies.The enivironment is very important for doing business in this uncertain world also in globalized economy. After understanding the internal factors of the organistion (Strength and Weakness), need to assess the other factors for competing with others or adding value to create such an environment for sustainity. Figure (Diagram)3. PESTLE Analysis (Developed by Author) In a study of business environment, Johnson et al (2007) identified three layers which are as follows:- The most general layer of the environment is macro-environment as framed the PESTLE which strategies are affected by influences and some of the ways for seeking to handle the outer aspects of the organisation. The broad general layer is the industry or sector as framed five forces which strategies are concentrated the cycles of competition among the organisations. The most immediate layer is markets and competitors which strategies are concentrated to identify direct and indirect competitors. Overall, PESTLE analysis is tool identify the major external factors for running the organisation within a limited arena where opportunities are unlimited but threat may be influenced to stop the activities. PESTLE ANALYSIS OF CMA CGM Political As a European shipping company also to be a french line, CMA CGM has a stable political adventages in own region and over the world. They are getting exclusive cooperation from French government and European Union for extending the business globally. Due to their subsidiries presency in Africa, USA and others, they are able to manage any political issues by their partner and directly. Economical CMA CGM is passing a very tough economic time because of the downturn. They are in crisis from the begining of 2009 where 2008 shows ahuge profit. The Financial time reported that the company is trying to solve the problem by procuring the fund fron government or outside of the country. Sociocultural CMA CGM (2010C) plays a significant role in humaintarean development of the world and commited to promote the well-being of the children, particularly children with disabilities or length illnesses. Handicap International and the International Red Cross is the social partner for supporting the childrens mental and physical development. CMA CGM corporate foundation also support various artistic activities includingg the socaial and cultural activities in port and shipping sector. The foundation contributed in humanitarean and cultural program by working in Franch and Lebanon. Over 60 projects are running by reneoed humanitarean and cultural organisation funded by CMA CGM foundation. Technological E-business is the main systems of container shipping and CMA CGM is serving throgh e-business. Every information related to shipping operations and corporate are available on their website and customer can know any information regarding their cargo or others business function from the corporate website also from the subsidiary website. All vessels are manoeuvring by using latest technilogy which are safest and envirionment friendly. Environmental The Group (CMA CGM,2009) has a plan to cut CO2 emissions by 15 % per container and per kilometre. They will preserve the budget for ocean environment also develop the portfolio which will be environment friendly services and shipping solutions. Fighting against the negative impact of climate or climate change is the key component of Groups environmental policy. The equipment or container of the company is going to convert into eco container for reducing the use carbon as raw material. Most of the vessel of the company is equipped with a combination of innivative environmental features likw fast oil recovery system, multichamber waste compactor to recycle garbage on board , proper water ballast systems and etc. CMA CGM is awraded by Long Beach Harbour in their Green Flag Program . Legal CMA CGM expanded their business through merger and acquisition recently. They owned various lines as per international legal policy and financial tranjection and paying all kinds of tax and duties to the respective government.All vessel of the company are manoeuvering as international standard rules and regulations imposed by IMO (International Maritime Organisation) or other shipping authority. CORPORATE STRATEGY Grant (2005) defines corporate strategy as the scope of the firm in terms of the industries and markets in which it competes and decides the investment procedures through diversification, integration, merger, foreign direct investment, acquisition etc. In a mult-business ( Lasserre,2007) corporation , the corporate stragy features the long term objectives, selecting business portfolio, allocating resources across businesses and designing its structure, systems and processes. Corporate (Koveos, 1997)history has featured lots of ways or approached foe restrucering the company both internally and externally. External restructuring has taken place through a variety of mechanisms including Mergers and Acquisitions. He added that changed world business system augmented by the transition of so many previously planned economies to a new market based framework. Synergy (Koveos, 1997) from mergers or other restructuring activity has been characteristically portrayed as 2+2=5. For getting the c ompettitive advantages or extra benefit from the synergy and entrancing the market or decreasing the barriers, the restructuring process is doing through corporate strategy like mergers and acquisitions. 05. MERGER ACQUSITION The main theme of corporate business strategy is integration of the company. Integrating process may be diversification, Merger and Acquisition, FDI, CSR or any other strategic application. Galpan Herndon (2007) found that well managed integration in an organisation can achieve significant results in working and positive outcomes in a disciplined, acclerreated and resealt-oriented approaches of the employee. Figure (Diagram)5. Merger and acquisition developed by author In a study of strategic management ,Thompson Strickland (2003:p-177) expressed that no company can afford to ignore the strategic and competitive benefits of acquiring or merging with another company to strengthen its market position and open up avenues of new opportunity. That is why MA is one of the best option for penetrating the own product into new market or kill the rivalry for decreasing the competition at present market. 06. MOTIVES FOR MERGERS AND ACQUISITIONS In a study Panayides Gong (2002) stated two major motives of MA in shipping industry and these are Value- maximization and Strategic marketing motives.Value -maximization motives divided into three parts which are as follows:- 01. Market Power. It impacted to the present market and may be extended the business with the help of merged or acquired company. Panayides Gong (2002) brought an example of a shipping company. The case of CP ships and its 1994 acquisition of CAST (Shipping Company) a major competitor of CP ships in the port of Montreal- provide anecdotal evidence completely changed and controlled 85% of the container business in a relatively short period. 02. Efficiency Increase. 03. Operating and Financial synergies. Operating synergies may arise as a result of revenue enhancements and/or cost reductions that are effected from the merger The major strategic objectives of shipping companies may include the acquisition of market share, the expansion or entry into new markets (geographical or new services), acquisition of management skills to argument firm capabilities in relation to new growth areas and the transfer of management capabilities to acquired firms to assists rebuilding. 07. MERGER ACQUISITION IN SHIPPING Maritime industries are prone to uncertainties and risks for their global activities where competitive pressure releted to larger but fewer players. Due to globalization of the world trade especially in shipping, shipping companies are trying to make a global chain for providing the services from door to door as well as adding value by covering the all places of the world. This is the main logistic aims of container shipping to diversify the business by offering wide range of benefits and economic facilities from the origin to the final destination. Minimizing the barriers which are blocked to serve in the chain, they are integrating their compnany by global strategies viz Diversification, MA and etc. Year Coverage 1982 26% 1992 42% 2008 60% Figure (Table) 6. World slot coverage by top 20 carriers (Notteboom Rodrigue ,nd) In 1982, the world slot is coverd by top 20 carriers was 26% and it tremendously incresed in 2008 and the highest 60%. The world container or slot is increasing but the business is going to the limited operators. Merger and acuisition strategy is playing the main role fordeceasing numbof operators. Internationalization and globalization both are created the competitive enivironment in container shipping industry. Preliminary, it transform to the liner service and taking slot from other operators for reducing cost or customization by mother connection with the feeder or quick service. After that the alliances of some opertors like OOCL MISC, former PO and NYK made Global alliance (OOCL, 2010) in 1998 and more allinaces by leading operator driven exclusive business dynamics in this trade. After (Heaver et all, 1993) huge loss in north atlantic container trade in 1993, all operators tried in several times to develop cartel agreements like Transatlantic Agreement (TAA) by determining rates, capacity, supply of the vessel for gaining and minimizing the lost .Acquisition of Australian National Line ANL by CMA CGM or takeover of APL by NOL were the big dealing in ocean conatiner shipping. Surprizingly, MAERSK line (PO Nedlloyd, 2005) merged its core competotr company PO Neddlloyd in 2 005 and expressed as the largest shipping company of the world. Not only horigental integration but also vertical integration of shipping company created more competition in the container shipping market. Furthermore, merger and acquisition is extended to port terminal management, intermodal systems, tourism industry, and shipbuilding for getting more advantages and fullfill the main motto of container shippiing servces (Stopford, 1997) that means door to door service. 08. INTEGRATION OF CMA CGM GROUP Shipping Line Shipping Line A B C D E Shipping Agents or General Sales Agents at Various Port and Country Cargo Handling Company or Stevedores or Terminal Operator Freight Forwarder Or NVOCC ( Non Vessel Operating Common Carrier) Inland Transport Operator or Intermodal or multimodal operator Figure (Diagram)7. Transport Chain Integration based on shipping line example Freeman (2009) argued that containerisation prepares the basis ground of integration in both vertically and horizentally. It is the demand to create the chain or making a system for transpoting the box or container smothly. The main components are Main Line opeations, terminal operations, Intermodal and logistics. The containers are mainly owned by the operator and repositioning from one place to another frequently. So, the responsibilty of the carriers is not finishing by giving only the one service. CORPORATE SHIPPING CONTRACT Vertical Integration of CMA CGM Group LOGISTICS Figure(Diagram) 8. Vertical Integration of CMA CGM Group developed by author. The company integrated vertically by creating the business of logistics, terminal business and intermodal in various countries (Road and rail facilities). Land Transport International and Transit International are two transport channel of trucking and forwarding company for caring the cargo from/to the consignee premises to/from the port or internal transfer from one place to another. The River shuttle containers ( 2010) is the cheaper and more ecological transportation of containers by barge or rail services which are operated in all over the Europe as door to door intermodal services. In addition they have corporate shipping contract with the industry players and international organisation CMA CGM logistics . CMA rail has two subsidiries where 100 % in europe rail link and 55% in Algeria rail link ( Northern Africa). Moreover, they are expanding their rail network in USA and India.TCX multimodal and Progeco covered the area of multimodal carriage which are help to add value in thei r main business.CMA CGM ( The Hindu Business Line,2006)has two subsidiries in terminal and port operations Terminal Link and Portsynergy which are operated in Malta, France, Morocco, North Eastern Europe, USA and Togo. However, they eastablished the supply chain network from the bonded warehouse to ocean tranportation facilities by their subsidiries and independent network of transport. Horigental Integration of CMA CGM Group Container shipping transpotation is the main business of CMA CGM group. They owned the seven container lines of the world ANL, DELMAS OTAL and others to cover the all port and places of the world. As per their strategies, they merged or acquired these lines for getting the compettitive advantages in a specific region and connecting with the main line of CMA CGM. 09. CONCLUSION The Shipping industry (Casson, 1986) has an important role in contemporary restructuring of world trade. Containerisation made the easy transportation of commodity especially for manufaturing goods ant its raw materials. Integration (Freemont, 2009) of the transport chain come up against the financial, technical and human resource capacity of the different actors involved in this trade. Merger and Acquisition of a company is the fruits of research to cover the area for adding value in the shipping services. Other factors like culture, attitude of key employee and environment also key factors to adapt or sustain after merger and acquisition. CMA CGM is the great example of MA for their group activities from the very begining to till date but recent recession affected the group and trying to survive. However, they are trying to manage the fund from outside of the Group (The Financial Times,2010). Corporate business strategy will help them to do better work for upcoming business trends. As shipping is the big business where risk is high and low return, the strategy may be considered carefully and economically.

Seafood and Depression Essay -- essays research papers

Seafood and Depression There have been studies that conclude that there is some relationship between food intake and mental health. The stress you endure, and how you deal with it differs in many ways. There is evidence that the more seafood college students eat the lower level of depression they experience. Researchers have two different inventories for depression. The Beck Depression Inventory is a leading depression inventory, and the new inventory is the Wilsonson's Depression Scale (Wilsonson, Gofendorfer, & Brazleton, 2002). The results of both tests were identical. The Wilsonson Depression Scale proved to be more simple to administer and faster to complete and score (Wilsonson et al., 2002). This study, as well as others (Arbor, Dolfin, & Pecanhead, 2003; Black, Marsh, Roberts, Kickerback, Duey, Freeberslager, Williamsonson, & Friday, 2004; Smith & Hold, 2004; Thompson, 2004; Wilsonson, Gofendorfer, & Brazleton, 2002) have shown that when seafood intake is high your depression level is lower. One study examined the relationship between eating different foods to include seafood and depression (Arbor, Dolfin, & Pecanhead, 2003). In this particular study, the groups took the Wilsonson's Depression Scale before and after the participants divided into three groups and put on one of three very strict diets. Results of the study showed a significant difference in the levels of depression after being on the diet. A different study, (Black, Marsh, Roberts, Kickerback, Duey, Freeberslager, Williamsonson, & Friday, 2004) examined elderly people and gave them tests on personality, depression, and kept a journal of food intake for over three weeks. The Black (2004) study broke into two groups. One group said that they ate seafood at least six times a week and the other group only three or fewer a week. The Smith and Hold (2004) study was made up of 1000 elderly people living in the South. All the participants took personality tests and depression scales and kept food journals for six weeks. After the six-week study, the researchers cross-referenced the journals, personality tests, and depression scales. The Thompson study (2004) is a little different from the others. In this particular study, a group of teenage couples in the Central United States was given Beck's Depression Inventory in 1985, 1992, and again in 2004. After the test... ...ps, B., & Brenham, S. (2002). How does that make you feel: Monkies react to psychotherapeutic questioning [Electronic version]. Journal of Mental Health, 7(6), 147-157. Smith, B., Blowhard, J., Hardinson, B.P., Sherman, B., Ebert, R., Knight, P., et al. (2004). Feeling blue: The impact of color wheels on adult children of monkeys. Journal of Mental Health, 2(4), 115-153. Smith, B. P., & Hold, A. (2003). I like fish, do you? New York: USA Psychological   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Associates, Inc. Smith, B. P., & Hold, A. (2004). Psychophysiological effects of eating seafood. American Journal of Psychiatry, 3, 240-257. Smith, Bill P., & Hold, A. (2005). Who likes fish? Characteristics of people who love and hate seafood [Electronic version]. Journal of American Psychology, 3(2), 34-37. Thompson, C. (2004). Consumption of seafood associated with lower levels of depression: Longitudinal study involving fishmongers and fishwives [Electronic version]. Journal of American Psychology, 5, 123-134. Wilsonson, B., Gofendorfer, C.B., & Brazelton, W.F., III. (2002). Development and implementation of the Wilsonson’s Depression Scale. Psychology Bulletin, 122, 117- 137.